5 menaces de cybersécurité contre lesquelles il faut se protéger

Cybersecurity threats are prolific and constant – hardly a day passes without news of another cyberattack.  

Organizations and their security teams are up against potentially devastating cyberthreats each day. But it's hard to provide protection for threats you don’t even know exist.  

Are you prepared?  

Read this article for an in-depth discussion of: 

• What cybersecurity threats are and where they comes from. 
• The five most-common types of threats organizations experience. 
• How Zero Trust Segmentation provides protection when cyberthreats inevitably infiltrate the network. 

What are cybersecurity threats? 

A cybersecurity threat is the potential of a malicious act that causes an unwanted impact on IT systems and networks. It can include unauthorized access, damage, disruption, or theft of critical assets, networks, or any form of data.  

Threats can come from within or outside an organization from both trusted and untrusted sources. Though they always have negative consequences, threats can be intentional or accidental. 

Cybersecurity threats result from vulnerabilities in a network. Due to the hyper-connectivity of today’s IT environments, vulnerabilities are inevitable and nearly impossible to completely eradicate. Because of this, the number and severity of cybersecurity threats has increased in recent years. 

Types of cybersecurity threats 

As technology evolves, so do cybersecurity threats. Organizations must be prepared for these five types of threats at any time.  

Ransomware 

One of the most common and damaging types of cybersecurity threats, ransomware encrypts files and information in a network. This prevents access to the information until a ransom is paid to decrypt them. Victims are often given a specified amount of time to pay the ransom prior to their files being destroyed.  

According to new ESG research in the Zero Trust Impact Report: 

• 76 percent of organizations surveyed have been attacked by ransomware in the past 2 years alone. 
• 82 percent of those who were victims of a successful ransomware attack paid a ransom. 
• On average, they paid $495,000 in ransom. 

With the exponential increase in ransomware attacks, ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) has become a new trend. RaaS is a subscription-based business model similar to software-as-a-service (SaaS) that lets users purchase ready-made ransomware tools to execute ransomware attacks.  

Developing ransomware can be both difficult and time consuming, but RaaS allows more users access to ransomware and, in turn, allows more money to be made from it.  

The RaaS market is competitive: the total ransomware revenues in 2021 reached $20 billion. Many RaaS operators run like any other SaaS business, with marketing campaigns, professional websites, and social media accounts. To evade law authorities, RaaS operators regularly disappear and reorganize under different names, sometimes re-emerging with new ransomware variants.  

The rampant growth of ransomware is one of the most alarming cybersecurity threats organizations face. Every organization should plan for a ransomware attack at any time with Zero Trust Segmentation in place to stop the attack’s spread. 

Download our ebook on How to Stop Ransomware Attacks to learn more bout how to protect your organization from ransomware. 

Cryptojacking 

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum are digital currencies that enter circulation via a process called mining. While cryptocurrency mining has financial rewards, it requires extensive computing power to achieve.  

Malicious cryptocurrency miners have turned to cryptojacking to reap the rewards of mining without the overhead costs. As a result, cryptojacking attacks have increased exponentially in the last few years. 

Cybercriminals use cryptojacking to highjack desktops, servers, cloud infrastructure, IoT devices, and even mobile devices for the purpose of illicit cryptocurrency mining. By using their victim’s computing systems, cryptojackers can increase their mining power without the costs of purchasing their own systems.  

Cryptojackers can attack through web browsers or rogue mobile apps, targeting unsuspecting users who click a link or accept a download without thinking twice. This delivers cryptomining software to the victims’ system and immediately starts the mining process. Cryptojackers also hide within legitimate applications, like a 2019 cryptojacking scheme involving Windows PowerShell, which they use to execute hidden malicious mining scripts.  

Simple security measures can help protect against most cryptojacking, including regularly installing security updates and training everyone in your organization to recognize and avoid emails, links, and files that may lead to cryptojacking.   

Malware 

How often do employees in your organization open files attached to emails or click a link online? For most, it’s an everyday occurrence – that’s why cybercriminals hide in URLs, PDFs, and Microsoft Office files using malware. 

Malware, shortened from malicious software, is a term that can be used to describe all types of cybersecurity threats. Malware is any file or code specifically designed to infect, steal, disrupt, or conduct virtually any malicious behavior an attacker wants on a device or system.  

Hackers employ trusted platforms users access frequently, like Microsoft Word and Excel, to infiltrate the network and cause harm. In fact, 38 percent of malware is now being disguised as Microsoft Word documents. Even an employee well-trained in cybersecurity best practices can have difficulty distinguishing between a safe and malicious Word file or email attachment.  

Malware attacks of all kinds are inevitable. Zero Trust Segmentation allows you to stop the spread of malware in a matter of minutes, isolating the attack from the rest of the network.  

Man-in-the-middle (MitM)

One of the oldest types of cybersecurity threats, man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks allow hackers to intercept or alter communications between two parties through an email, website, server, or Wi-Fi network. This offers attackers the opportunity to steal login credentials or personal information, corrupt data, or redirect funds, resources, or attention.  

By getting between the communication of the victim and a legitimate host, MitM attacks can modify what each party is saying for malicious intent. 

In 2019, more than one-third of network weakness exploitation involved MitM attacks, according to IBM’s X-Force Threat Intelligence Index. And with today’s remote workers accessing unsecured, public Wi-Fi networks, MitM attacks are the rise. These unsecured networks make it incredibly easy for hackers to perpetrate MitM attacks with minimal technology and technical knowledge.  

Though MitM attacks are simple to execute, they can be difficult for security teams to detect. The dispersed, hyper-connected nature of modern networks provides numerous opportunities for MitM attacks to gain access.  

Phishing 

In phishing attacks, cybercriminals contact people via email, telephone, or text message posing as a legitimate person or institution. Those who take the bait get lured into providing sensitive information such as passwords, banking information, or login credentials.  

In the worst phishing cases, organizations experience data theft and financial loss that can have devastating effects. 

Spear phishing, a more targeted form of phishing, is the most common form of attack, making up 65 percent of all phishing attacks. Alors que le phishing tente régulièrement d'atteindre des masses de personnes, le spear phishing utilise l'ingénierie sociale et utilise des e-mails ou des SMS frauduleux pour cibler des individus ou des groupes de personnes spécifiques au sein d'une organisation. Le secteur financier, y compris les banques, est le plus susceptible d'être victime d'une attaque de spear-phishing, consistant à près d'un quart de toutes les attaques.

Les e-mails et les SMS de phishing présentent quelques caractéristiques communes :

• Trop beau pour être vrai : Les offres lucratives ou les déclarations qui attirent l'attention sont conçues pour attirer l'attention et susciter l'enthousiasme. Si un message semble invraisemblable ou trop beau pour être vrai, c'est probablement le cas.
• Sentiment d'urgence : Les attaques par hameçonnage font pression sur les victimes pour qu'elles agissent rapidement avant qu'elles n'aient le temps de comprendre le message. Si un message est inattendu ou semble « désactivé », accédez directement à la personne, au site Web ou à l'application au lieu de cliquer immédiatement sur le lien contenu dans l'e-mail.
• Hyperliens : Vérifiez la légitimité des liens en les survolant. Vous verrez l'URL réelle du lien. S'il s'agit d'une URL complètement différente ou d'un site Web populaire mal orthographié, évitez de cliquer sur le lien et supprimez le message.
• Pièces jointes : N'ouvrez jamais une pièce jointe inattendue, en particulier dans un message provenant d'un expéditeur inconnu. Les attaquants par hameçonnage utilisent souvent des fichiers PDF ou Word pour inciter les victimes à télécharger des logiciels malveillants sur leur appareil afin d'accéder au réseau.
• Expéditeur inhabituel : Évitez les e-mails contenant des messages ou des expéditeurs inattendus, étranges ou suspects. Il vaut mieux confirmer la validité du message et y répondre plus tard que d'agir inconsidérément et de devenir victime de phishing.

Bien que les utilisateurs constituent l'une des parties les plus importantes d'un réseau, ils peuvent également présenter la plus grande vulnérabilité face aux cybermenaces. Préparez-vous à ce que les utilisateurs autorisent accidentellement des stratagèmes de phishing sur le réseau de votre organisation en mettant en œuvre la segmentation Zero Trust. Lorsqu'une attaque de phishing réussit, un réseau segmenté garantit que l'attaque ne se propage pas.

Armez votre organisation contre les menaces de cybersécurité

Il n'existe aucun moyen de prédire la prochaine menace de cybersécurité. Malheureusement, il est peu probable que votre réseau soit totalement à l'abri d'une attaque.

La meilleure façon de protéger votre organisation contre tous les types de menaces à la cybersécurité est de vous préparer à Stratégie de sécurité Zero Trust. Zero Trust est un cadre de cybersécurité moderne qui part du principe que les cyberattaques sont inévitables et propose des stratégies pour atténuer leur impact.

Grâce à la segmentation Zero Trust, les organisations peuvent segmenter leurs réseaux pour empêcher la propagation des violations. Cela garantit que les brèches constituent simplement une nuisance maîtrisable plutôt qu'une attaque cataclysmique.

En savoir plus sur Segmentation Zero Trust d'Illumio:

• Découvrez comment Illumio a aidé un cabinet d'avocats international à stopper la propagation des rançongiciels.
• Découvrez pourquoi Illumio est Leader dans deux rapports Forrester Wave.
• Obtenez des conseils approfondis sur comment réaliser une segmentation Zero Trust avec Illumio.
• Nous contacter pour découvrir comment Illumio peut vous aider à renforcer vos défenses contre les menaces de cybersécurité.